A Review on Biological Synthesis of the Biodegradable Polymers Polyhydroxyalkanoates and the Development of Multiple Applications

Polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs, belong to a class of biopolyesters where the biodegradable PHA polymer is accumulated by microorganisms as intracellular granules known carbonosomes. Microorganisms can accumulate using wide variety substrates under specific inorganic nutrient limiting conditions, with many carbon-containing coming from waste low-value sources. PHAs are universally thermoplastic, PHB and copolymers having similar characteristics conventional fossil-based polymers such polypropylene. properties dependent on composition its monomers, meaning have diverse range and, thus, functionalities within this biopolyester family. This diversity in functionality results array applications sectors food-packaging biomedical industries. In order for compete plastic industry terms economics, scale production needs grow current low base. Similar all new polymers, need continuous technological developments their material science market opportunities. The setup end-of-life management (biodegradability, recyclability) system infrastructure also critical ensure that other biobased be marketed maximum benefits society. nature biodegradability mean they key materials sector future. worldwide pollution demands reformation industry, humankind will face consequences every step food chain beyond. review discuss aforementioned points more detail, hoping provide information sheds light how